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DRAWMER 1962 OPERATORS
MANUAL
CONTENTS:
- SAFETY
CONSIDERATION
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS
INSTALLATION
AUDIO CONNECTIONS
DIGITAL CONNECTIONS
POWER CONNECTION
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
CHANNEL INPUT
MICROPHONE PRE-AMPLIFIER
AUXILIARY INPUT
LINE PRE-AMPLIFIER
HIGH and LOW PASS FILTERS
FINE TUNE EQ
ENHANCE
TUBE DRIVE
CHANNEL OUTPUT
- STEREO MIX
STEREO LINK
CONFIGURATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
- DIGITAL (when
D62 module is fitted)
- REAR PANEL
DIGITAL CONTROLS
- FRONT PANEL
DIGITAL CONTROLS
- RECORDING
- DITHER SELECTOR
OPTIONS
SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS
CAUTION - MAINS FUSE
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE REPLACE THE MAINS FUSE ONLY WITH A FUSE
THAT CONFORMS TO BS EN 60127-2:1991 SHEET III. 250 VOLT WORKING, TIME
DELAY TYPE AND BODY SIZE OF 20mm x 5mm.
THE MAINS INPUT FUSE MUST BE RATED AT 250mA WHERE THE MAINS INPUT VOLTAGE
SWITCH IS SET TO 230 VOLTS AC. AND 500mA WHERE THE MAINS INPUT VOLTAGE IS
115 VOLTS AC.
CAUTION - MAINS CABLE
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CHANGE OR TAMPER WITH THE SUPPLIED MAINS CABLE.
CAUTION - SERVICING
DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING. REFER ALL SERVICING TO QUALIFIED
SERVICE PERSONNEL.
WARNING
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS
EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
The 1962 is a hybrid vacuum tube/semi-conductor, dual-channel
pre-amplifier which features extremely low noise operation and the option
of a 24-bit digital output. Balanced microphone and line inputs are
included making the 1962 a powerful and versatile tool in all areas of
audio, including studio recording, live sound, location recording,
post-production, mastering and as part of a musician's rack system.
In addition to providing 'clean gain', the 1962 includes variable high and
low-pass shelving filters, a 3-band 'sweetening' EQ, high and low
frequency enhancement plus a switchable peak limiter. A variable Tube
Drive system enables the user to apply a precise amount of tube
colouration while a simple mixing system provides level and pan control
for each of the two channels.
The optional D62-T or D62-A digital converter module may be ordered with
the 1962 or retrofitted when required and provides 16, 18, 20 or 24-bit
wordlength outputs in both AES/EBU and S/PDIF formats with user selectable
dither. The D62-T also includes a Tascam T-DIF interface while the D62-A
has an integral ADAT optical interface. Word sync in and out is provided
as standard and the user may select between 48kHz, 44.1kHz and externally
clocked sample rates. This manual will refer to the digital module as the
D62 wherever it is applicable to both T-DIF and ADAT.
One major advantage of the hybrid approach is that it combines the dynamic
range, reliability and stability of modern solid-state designs with the
warm, detailed sound of vintage classic tube designs. The microphone input
stages feature extremely low noise, balanced input circuitry followed by
true, high voltage tube amplification, enabling modern microphones to take
on the characteristics of older tube models. Phantom power is individually
switchable on the two microphone inputs and each microphone input has a
phase reverse switch.
The line/instrument pre-amplifiers are compatible with a variety of signal
sources, from electric guitars and basses to stereo electronic keyboards
and synthesizer modules. By overdriving the tube stage, tonal colouration
may be added to an instrument, and with the addition of an external
speaker simulator, overdriven guitar, synth or organ sounds may be Direct
Injected into the mixing console.
There are two, dual-stage tubes in the audio signal path and, in order to
maintain optimum signal purity, the EQ, enhancement and tube drive stages
may be switched out of circuit to provide a minimum signal path between
the input and output. To maintain the highest possible signal-to-noise
performance, continuously variable input gain controls are used instead of
rotary switches and high resolution, 24-element LED metering is provided
along with peak overload LEDs. Output level metering and gain control is
provided and each channel has a switchable limiter, which can be used to
prevent unwanted overloading - particularly important when driving digital
equipment or when using the optional digital output stage. A Gain
Reduction LED monitors the limiter action. Console-style insert points on
the rear panel allow additional processing to be added to the signal path.
Up to a maximum of three additional stereo analogue signals can be mixed
together with the internally processed signal(s) by utilising the rear
panel connector. Providing a facility to fit only one 1962 with the D62
analogue to digital converter module.
CONTENTS
APPLICATIONS
Standalone microphone preamplifiers are generally associated with
direct-to-stereo recording or with the purist recording approach by which
the traditional console is bypassed wherever possible. Though ideally
suited to these applications, and to applications where instrument level
signals require to be DI'd, the 1962 is much more flexible than
traditional preamplifiers, because of its variable Tube Drive control and
its versatile equaliser/enhancer section. Because of its ability to modify
and enhance the tonal quality of a signal, the 1962 is perfectly suited to
stereo mix processing, subgroup processing, or to discerning mastering
operations where the digital output may be used directly to feed a digital
tape or disk-based editing machine. The subtle tube colourations add
warmth, depth and transparency to a mix while emphasising mid-range and
high-frequency detail.
For high quality location recording, the 1962 makes the perfect partner
for a DAT machine, combining the functions of stereo mic preamp with the
capability to output high resolution digital data with up to 24-bit word
length. The mic inputs provide up to +60dB of gain while closely
approaching the theoretical minimum noise level; the performance of the
1962 is invariably determined by the quality of the microphones plugged
into it rather than by any inherent limitations.
As an instrument amplifier, the 1962 provides a warm-sounding tube input,
making it ideal for DI'ing guitars, basses and even keyboards. The tube
gain stages are versatile enough to provide a clean, punchy sound or the
gain may be increased to provide the type of overdrive sound associated
with tube guitar amplifiers. Although the EQ facilities offered on the
1962 are designed mainly for sweetening, they have sufficient range to be
used in a creative context when creating instrument sounds.
The limiter may be used to prevent the output level from clipping when the
maximum level of the input signal cannot be established with certainty.
CONTENTS
INSTALLATION
The 1962 is designed for standard 19" rack mounting and occupies 2U
(88mm) of rack space. Avoid mounting the unit directly above power
amplifiers or power supplies that radiate significant amounts of heat, or
in poorly ventilated or unusually warm environments. We advise that a
blank space above the unit with a ventilated rack blanking panel is
fitted. Fibre or plastic washers may be used to prevent the front panel
becoming marked by the mounting bolts. In mobile systems, it is
recommended that a shock resistant flight case is used. In severe
conditions where there might be excessive vibration, additional rear
support might be required.
CONTENTS
AUDIO CONNECTIONS
CHANNEL IN/OUT
The channel inputs and outputs are electronically balanced on
conventionally wired XLRs (pin1 screen, pin 2 hot, pin 3 cold and XLR
shell is connected to the chassis), with an operating level nominally of
+4dBu. If the unit is to be used where it may be exposed to high levels of
disturbance (such as found close to a TV or radio transmitter), we suggest
that the screen of the signal cable be connected to the chassis connection
on the XLR connector as opposed to connecting to pin1. The 1962 fully
conforms to the EMC standards.
If ground loop problems are encountered, never disconnect the power inlet
earth, but instead, try disconnecting the signal screen on one end of each
cable connecting the outputs of the 1962 to the patchbay. If such measures
are necessary, balanced operation is recommended. Various signal cable
earthing options may have to be tried to achieve the most hum-free
connection.
The intended use of the audio insert jacks would be to patch in an
additional EQ (eg Drawmer 1961), reverb or similar processing to the
signal path. Insert connection is via quarter-inch TRS jacks, the wiring
convention being: ring - signal send, tip - signal return and sleeve -
ground. The insert jack may be permanently wired to a normalised patch bay
for easier connection. The signal path to and from this insert jack and
hence any external processing can be overridden by disabling the Fine EQ
section.
STEREO OUTPUTS
The Stereo Mix Output XLRs are electronically balanced and
follow the usual wiring convention of: pin 1 screen, pin 2 hot, pin 3 cold
and XLR shell connected to the chassis. If the unit is to be used where it
may be exposed to high levels of disturbance (such as close to a TV or
radio transmitter), we suggest that the screen of the signal cable be
connected to the chassis connection on the XLR connector as opposed to
connecting to pin1. The 1962 fully conforms to the EMC standards.
If ground loop problems are encountered, never disconnect the power inlet
earth, but instead, try disconnecting the signal screen on one end of each
cable connecting the outputs of the 1962 to the patchbay. If such measures
are necessary, balanced operation is recommended. Various signal cable
earthing options may have to be tried to achieve the most hum-free
connection.
STEREO MIX IN/OUT
The Stereo Mix In/Out sockets are stereo TSR jack connections
which simplify connection of other 1962 units, stereo sends from a mixer,
or similar line level device(s). The wiring convention is: ring, right
channel, tip, left channel and sleeve ground. These signals are unbalanced
and operate at a nominal +4dBu level.
Stereo Mix In/Out connections are provided so that other high quality
analogue sources may be combined with the output of the 1962 prior to
digitisation. Furthermore, in systems comprising of multiple 1962s, only
one need be fitted with a D62 digital converter. This option saves on cost
and also provides a convenient method of mixing, especially where no
digital mixing facilities are available.
CONTENTS
DIGITAL
CONNECTIONS
(Only where D62-T or D62-A module is fitted)
DIGITAL CLOCK SYNCHRONISATION
When clocking the D62 from an external, master clock source,
there are two possible methods of termination. When using the TEAC TDIF-1
Digital Interface protocol, which uses a 25 pin D-sub connector system,
the Input Select button should be in the Out position. Alternatively,
external synchronisation may be achieved via the 75Í BNC connector, in
which case the Input Select button should be set to its IN position. The
operation of the D62-A version is identical, except that the multitrack
interface is ADAT. When the unit is suitably connected, observe the LED
status indicator to confirm the following clock conditions:
- The LED will illuminate brightly and
steadily if a reliable and compatible clock source is recognised.
- The LED will blink when External Clock
is selected on the front panel, but no external clock is detected.
- The LED will flicker dimly if the clock
signal is inadequate due to problems such as level matching or signal
corruption. Typical causes of such problems are: the connected cable
is too long or of an incorrect type; the external clock signal has
deteriorated in quality to a point where it cannot be read reliably.
When External Clock is selected on the
front panel, a reconstituted version of the input word clock is available
at the Word Sync Output BNC connector.
DIGITAL DATA
Three digital data output formats are supported by the D62
digital interface.
AES/EBU: via an XLR connector designed
to be used with standard balanced microphone cable (20 metres maximum),
wired pin 1 screen, pin 2 and 3 balanced data, and the XLR shell connected
to the chassis. Having many short cables joined together is not advisable
as each connector can cause undesirable signal reflections. The AES/EBU
output is enabled when the Output Select button is in its Out position.
The status LED illuminates to confirm this mode has been selected.
The output socket fully conforms to the EMC standards; if the unit is to
be used where it may be exposed to high levels of disturbance, such as
found close to a TV or radio transmitter, it is suggested that the screen
of the data cable be connected to the chassis connection on the XLR type
connector rather than to pin 1. If ground loop problems are encountered,
never disconnect the mains ground, but instead, try disconnecting the
signal screen on one end of each cable connecting the outputs
S/PDIF: via a high quality RCA type
phono jack where the data conforms to the Sony Phillips Digital Interface
format. Because this connector only provides an unbalanced termination,
the recommended maximum length for this cable is 3 metres, even with very
high quality cable. This socket is enabled when the Output Select button
is set to its IN position; the status LED illuminates to confirm selection
of this mode.
TDIF: (Where the D62-T is fitted).
This is permanently enabled and presents the digital data in the standard
paired formats. For additional information, refer to the documentation
accompanying the TDIF compatible recording or storage device to which this
socket is to be connected.
CONTENTS
POWER CONNECTION
The 1962 unit will have been supplied with a power cable appropriate for
domestic power outlets in your country. For your own safety it is
important that this cable is used. The unit should always be connected to
the power inlet earth using this cable. Never disconnect this unit from
the mains supply earth.
If the unit is to be used at a power input voltage which is different to
that as supplied, the following procedure must be carried out.
- Disconnect the unit from the mains by
removing the power cable.
- Using a number 1 size pozidrive
screwdriver, remove the two screws holding the voltage selection
switch cover plate on the rear panel.
- Remove the cover plate and slide the
switch fully to its opposite position using a small screwdriver or
similar instrument. Note that only nominal voltages of 230V and 115V
(50 - 60Hz), are supported.
- Rotate the cover plate one half turn,
(180) and refit the two screws.
- Remove the fuse from the drawer beneath
the power inlet. Fit a correctly rated fuse for the selected operation
voltage.
- Reconfirm that the correct voltage has
been selected before reconnecting the mains. Operation at an incorrect
mains voltage may cause serious damage to the unit, and invalidate the
warranty.
CONTENTS
CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
The 1962 comprises two independent audio channels plus a Stereo Mix
section, and both channels may be operated independently or linked for
stereo operation. When used in linked mode, the control-circuitry for both
channels responds to the average of the two channel settings. It helps to
avoid confusion if both sets of channel controls have similar, or, as near
as possible, the same settings. Digital output capability is only
available if a D62 digital interface has been fitted.
CHANNEL INPUT
Source Select: This four-position rotary switch selects the
audio input source, which can be Mic, Mic with 48V phantom power, Line or
Aux. The Line and Mic inputs are via rear-panel XLRs while the Aux input
jack is located on the front panel. A red LED shows when the phantom
powered mic option has been selected.
Limit: The limiter is available for
all input selections and, when enabled, will prevent clipping in
situations where the maximum input level cannot be determined with
accuracy. Use of the limiter also makes it possible to run the output
closer the digital peak level (0dB) without the risk of clipping. Note
that with Line input selected the Limit headroom is only 10dB. Large
amounts of gain could exceed this, resulting in distortion.
A status LED indicates that the limit function is active, and if the
signal level is increased to a point where the limiter operates, the GR
(Gain Reduction) LED will illuminate. It is usually acceptable for the GR
LED to flash on occasional signal peaks, but if it lights regularly or
almost continuously, it is invariably best to reduce the input level using
the input gain control, and/or adjusting the EQ and Tube Drive settings.
For stereo operation, the limiters should either both be active, or, both
bypassed, to prevent an unwanted image shift(s) during limiting.
As with all limiters, excessive amounts of limiting will be audible, but
used carefully, the limiter offers protection against transient clipping
while retaining tonal transparency.
CONTENTS
MICROPHONE
PRE-AMPLIFIER
The microphone input stage is based around an advanced, discrete component
design, characterised by extremely low levels of noise and distortion. The
performance is significantly better than what is normally achieved by the
input stage of a typical, high quality recording console. When the tube
and EQ sections are out of circuit, the mic preamp provides a high
quality, minimum signal path to the output, making it ideal for direct
connection to a tape machine or, if the D62 digital interface is
installed, to the digital input of a digital multitrack recorder, DAT
machine or hard disk recorder. The tube and EQ stages may be switched into
circuit for applications where it is desirable to 'enhance' the signal
prior to recording.
Input Gain: When the Input Select
switch is set to either MIC or 48V(MIC), the Input Gain control is fully
variable over the range -25dB (attenuation or pad' for powered microphone
systems) through to +60dB; the gain setting may be read off using the
white coloured graticule around the Gain control. The input level meter
should be monitored while adjusting the gain so that the highest peak
signal level reads just below 0dB. If the Peak LED illuminates, the gain
is too high and should be reduced accordingly.
Phase Rev: Depressing this button
inverts the phase of the microphone input signal (only). Normally, a
positive pressure at the microphone diaphragm produces a positive voltage
at pin2 of the XLR output socket, but when Phase Rev is active, the
inverse is true.
Use of the Phase Rev feature is usually required only in multi-mic
situations where phase anomalies or arrival time discrepancies need to be
compensated for. It is advisable to check for mono compatibility when
using phase reversal within a multi-mic arrangement.
CONTENTS
AUXILIARY INPUT
To facilitate the connection of instrument sources, an unbalanced
Auxiliary input jack is provided. This drives a sophisticated instrument
input stage which offers control over both gain and brightness. The Aux
input has a 470KÍ impedance and is suitable for use with both active and
passive guitar pickup systems, electronic keyboards and similar sources.
Though the 1962 is not designed to replace a dedicated guitar
preamplifier, the Gain controls may be used to deliberately overdrive the
input stage, which respond in a similar way to a tube instrument
amplifier. For direct recording using significant amounts of overdrive, it
is recommended that a speaker simulator be connected between the 1962 and
the recorder, and that the sound be monitored post speaker simulator. A
conventional EQ is not suitable for emulating the transfer characteristics
of a guitar stack or combo system.
Gain: When depressed, provides an
additional 20dB of gain to the auxiliary input. A Yellow status LED will
illuminate.
Bright: Switches in a 'presence' peak
of around 10dB at 2KHz to simulate the voicing of a typical guitar
amplifier. Because nearly all guitar amplifiers are voiced differently, it
is likely that additional EQ will be required to achieve the desired
sound.
Input Gain: When the Input Select
switch is set to AUX, the Input Gain control is fully variable over the
range -25dB to +15dB; the gain setting may be read off using the yellow
coloured graticule around the Gain control. The input level meter should
be monitored while adjusting the gain so that the highest peak signal
level reads just below 0dB. If the Peak LED illuminates, the gain is too
high and should be reduced accordingly.
CONTENTS
LINE PRE-AMPLIFIER
The line input stage is based around an advanced, discrete component
design, characterised by extremely low levels of noise and distortion. The
performance is significantly better than what is normally achieved by the
input stage of a typical, high quality recording console. When the tube
and EQ sections are out of circuit, the line preamp provides a high
quality, minimum signal path to the output, making it ideal for direct
connection to a tape machine or, if the D62 digital interface is
installed, to the digital input of a digital multitrack recorder, DAT
machine or hard disk recorder. The tube and EQ stages may be switched into
circuit for applications where it is desirable to 'enhance' the signal
prior to recording.
Input Gain: When the Input Select
switch is set to LINE, the Input Gain control is fully variable over the
range -25dB (attenuation) to +15dB; the gain setting may be read off using
the yellow coloured graticule around the Gain control. The input level
meter should be monitored while adjusting the gain so that the highest
peak signal level reads just below 0dB. If the Peak LED illuminates, the
gain is too high and should be reduced accordingly.
If using the Limiter with Line input selected, caution must be observed
when large amounts of line input gain are used in conjunction with very
high line input levels. It is feasible that the Line Limit headroom of
10dB could be exceeded in these conditions resulting in distortion.
CONTENTS
HIGH AND LOW PASS
FILTERS
The high and low pass filters are included to allow the user to attenuate
undesirable sounds at the extremes of the audio spectrum, such as rumble,
hum or hiss. They may also be used for creative applications, either on
their own or in combination with conventional EQ. In order to make these
filters effective in a variety of situations, they have been designed with
fixed slopes and variable frequencies. Closing the two filters down so
that any audio being converted to digital passes through unaffected can
improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the digital data.
High-Pass: A continually variable,
12dB per octave shelving, high-pass filter which may be adjusted over the
range 15Hz to 400Hz. It may be used, for example, to attenuate microphone
stand noise, traffic rumble or excessive low frequencies caused by a less
than ideal choice of mic position. It may also be used to reduce the
amount of low frequency spill from an adjacent instrument when the source
being recorded is in a higher register than the source of interference.
The High-Pass filter is also helpful in reducing the level of the
fundamental frequency in mains hum, though it will not remove the
harmonics that cause mains buzz .
Low-Pass: A continually variable 12dB
per octave shelving, low - pass filter which may be adjusted over the
range 2kHz to 42kHz. It is useful in attenuating high frequency hiss or
noise, especially where the programme material only contains low to medium
harmonic frequencies - for example, electric guitar or bass tracks.
In: Switches both the Low- and
High-Pass filters in or out of circuit. A red LED indicates that the
filters are in circuit. If only one filter is required, the other should
be set to the extreme of its frequency range so as not to affect the
signal being processed.
CONTENTS
FINE TUNE EQ
The three controls in this section provide a subtle degree of control over
the audio and are designed for audio sweetening rather than for radical
signal reshaping. This section should not be confused with the type of
equalisation that might be offered on a mixing desk or parametric type
unit.
A rear panel insert jack is connected in series with the Fine EQ section,
so the In/Out button also bypasses any processor connected via the channel
insert point.
Low Fine Tune: Continually variable
6dB per octave shelving filter, providing up to 12dB of cut or boost. This
control may be used to add 'warmth' to the signal being processed or to
moderate excessive low frequency content.
Mid Fine Tune: Continually variable
6dB per octave bandpass control providing up to 12dB of cut or boost. The
centre frequency of 1KHz has been chosen to emphasise 'bite' or presence.
High Fine Tune: Continually variable
6dB per octave shelving filter providing up to 12dB of cut or boost. This
control may be used to moderate excessive brightness or to add a high
frequency 'gloss'.
In: When depressed, the push button
will place the Fine Tune EQ and the Channel Insert rear panel Jack in
circuit. A red status LED indicates such a situation. When this section is
bypassed, any processor connected via the insert point will also be
bypassed.
The Fine Tune EQ controls (and any external inserted process (es)) come
before the Peak Limiter in the signal side chain. Adding gain either via
EQ boost or by external processing will result in a greater degree of
limiting unless the input gain is reduced.
CONTENTS
ENHANCE
The 1962 includes advanced circuitry designed to enhance transient detail
by dynamically controlling the phase and spectral content of the programme
material. The LEDs above the Enhance controls show the degree of
enhancement taking place, and turning the Enhance control clockwise
increases the amount of processed signal added back into to the programme
material. If the Enhance controls are rotated fully clockwise and dynamic
material is processed, the yellow LEDs will seem to be illuminated
constantly. In reality, dynamic enhancement will still be occurring, but
the peaks may be so close together that the LED will appear to be lit
continuously.
The Enhance circuitry comes before the Peak Limiter in the signal side
chain. Although only small amounts of additional level will be generated
in normal use, high settings of the Enhance controls may result in more
frequent Limiting unless the input gain is reduced.
Low Enhance: The low frequency enhance
circuit is a level dependant filter designed to emphasise low frequency
harmonics according to the dynamic nature of the programme material. At
low signal levels, the degree of enhancement is greater than at higher
signal levels, which has the result of increasing the subjective loudness
of the material.
The control is continually variable and is designed to be adjusted so that
the LED above illuminates periodically. If the input signal is near the
maximum operating level (0dB on the input meter) then no low frequency
enhance will occur, but as the signal level falls below 0dB, low level,
low frequency transients will be enhanced proportionally.
High Enhance: This continually
variable control applies enhancement by increasing the amount of harmonic
energy in high frequency, transient signals. The control should be
adjusted until the LED above illuminates periodically. Used carefully,
High Enhance will increase the subjective definition of a sound without
increasing its level by any significant degree.
In: Activates the Low and High Enhance
circuitry and lights the LED.
CONTENTS
TUBE DRIVE
Each channel contains a specially designed tube circuit with variable
drive, designed to emulate the classic tube sound of vintage equipment in
a fully controllable manner.
The tube drive control comes before the Peak Limiter in the signal side
chain, so it is feasible that using high settings of tube drive on certain
types of programme material may cause the signal level fed into the
Limiter stage to increase. This will result in increased limiter activity.
Tube Drive: A continually variable
control that regulates the amount of tube colouration. Note that even at
the control's most counter-clockwise position some tube warmth will be
added. To disable any tube effect fully, the section must be disabled
using the push button switch.
In: Switches the tube circuitry into
the signal path and illuminates the status LED.
CONTENTS
CHANNEL OUTPUT
Level: The Level control regulates the signal level available at the rear
panel Channel Output XLR. The gain range is from -15dB to +20dB, and the
output level is shown on the 8-segment meter placed directly above the
Level control.
Normally, the signals fed to the Mix output stage (and hence to the
digital output), are independent of the channel level control settings.
This is the optimal and factory configuration.
There is a less desirable option for the Mix section and the Digital
Source Chs (channels) feed to be made post-level control by changing two
PCB jumpers inside the unit (one per channel). This is not the best option
for several reasons:
- Digital output noise will be increased
by up to 4dB.
- There is a greater chance of a digital
overload, undoing the control and safety feature of the limiter.
- Any digital output level will be
un-calibrated, unless the control is set to the +20dB position.
CONTENTS
STEREO MIX
The stereo mix section provides overall level and independent pan control
over the two channel signals, which are available at the stereo mix
section of the rear panel via two balanced XLRs, and on one unbalanced
stereo jack.
To expand the flexibility of the 1962 further, up to three mix signals
from other Drawmer 1962s or comparable line level stereo sources may be
mixed in with the channel signals via the rear panel Stereo Mix jack
inputs. This allows other analogue equipment to use the high quality
digital output stage of the 1962 (if fitted).
Channel Pan: This control pans (
positions') the channel signal between the left and right stereo outputs.
When a conventional stereo mix is required, or when a stereo mic array is
being used, then the channel pan controls will normally be panned hard
left and right. Stereo meters are provided within the Stereo Mix section.
For optimum use, ensure that both Stereo Mix output meters track evenly.
Note for maximum analogue signal headroom the 1962 does not suffer any
signal level loss when panned centrally between the channels, This is
unlike the traditional operation of a pan control on a mixing console.
Output Level: A continually variable
stereo control that sets the level of the Mix outputs. The gain range is
from -15dB up to +20dB. Adjustment of this control does not affect the
level seen by the digital section, whatever the position of the
configuration jumpers. The signal levels of the two channels are visible
on the two vertical 8 segment meters in the Stereo Mix section.
CONTENTS
DIGITAL (when D62
module is fitted)
The D62 module is a very high resolution analogue to digital converter
utilising proprietary Drawmer technology. It has a selection of
sophisticated dither options. There is a proprietary system enabling up to
23-bit wordlength recordings to be made across three tracks of a digital
multitrack where the multitrack machine is 16-bit resolution. In the case
of the D62-T, recording is possible on a Tascam DA88, 38 or TDIF-1
compatible machine, whereas the D62-A card provides an optical interface
for Alesis ADAT and compatible machines.
The 1962 may be supplied with a D62 ready fitted, or one may be fitted
retrospectively as a straightforward field upgrade that is available from
your Drawmer dealer. No special tools are required for fitting, and no
calibration procedures are necessary.
If the D62 is not fitted then the DIGITAL section LEDs will not illuminate
and the controls will not operate.
If any WORD LENGTH yellow LED is flashing, an unrecoverable power
brownout' (glitch) has caused the DSP to mute its digital outputs. Switch
the power Off and On again to restore normal operation.
CONTENTS
REAR PANEL
CONTROLS
There are two push-button switches on the D62-T rear connector panel.
These should only need setting during installation as they define input
and out cable preferences.
Input Select: If an external word
clock is available, this push button selects its source. Either the BNC
connector or the TDIF-1 digital input can be the 1962 master clock. The
front panel Sample Rate option EXT CLK activates this clock source.
The External WORD SYNC and TDIF clock inputs are filtered through a
low-noise PLL (Phase Locked Loop) in the D62, the clock frequency (sample
rate) should be within the range 29KHz to 51KHz. If the PLL cannot lock to
the incoming clock reliably, the EXT CLK front panel LED will flash
indicating that audible glitches and distortion will be introduced. See
page 5.
Output Select: Selects AES/EBU via the
XLR socket, or, S/PDIF via the RCA Phono socket with appropriate data
output formats. This switch setting does not affect the T-DIF output.
CONTENTS
1962 FRONT PANEL
DIGITAL CONTROLS
Sample Rate: This switch selects
48.0KHz, 44.1KHz and EXTernal clock for synchronising to other digital
devices. Any external clock input is cleaned' by the D62 PLL and output at
the rear panel BNC connector marked WORD SYNC Out.
Reduce volume levels before selecting EXT CLK', selecting it without a
external clock connected results in a nasty 0dB Fa digital noise!
It is not recommended to apply power to the D62 when EXT CLK' was
previously selected and NO external clock supplied. The digital audio
output will be very noisy and the front panel green LED will not light
until a clock is applied and EXT CLK' LED re-selected on the panel.
Word Length: Selects the word length
(bit resolution) of the audio samples to be 24, 20, 18 or 16 bits. Match
this to your digital recording, storage or processing device. Selecting
16' sends 4 x stereo pairs of tracks to the TDIF output, while 24,20 and
18 sends high resolution tracks to the TDIF for recording on tracks 1,2,3
or 5,6,7.
Source: Select Chs' for the most
direct audio path (thus: highest performance) to the D62
analogue-to-digital converter, or MIX' which inserts the CHAN PAN controls
to the path. MIX also enables up to 3 additional analogue inputs (eg.
stereo outputs from other 1962 units) to be mixed via the rear panel
Stereo Mix inputs to the master D62 digital output. Pre- or post- output
level control is selectable on two internal jumper links. See
configuration jumpers section on page 19.
In all configurations the audio signal to the D62 passes through a Soft
clip' circuit, therefore short transient audio peaks will not cause
noticeable distortion on the digital outputs.
Dither/1 - 12: This affects the type
of dither added to the audio signal when recording with WORD LENGTH less
than 24 bits. Position 1 is generally the best compromise and places all
of the dither noise at the high end of the audio spectrum, where the ear
is least sensitive. In the majority of situations, this will produce
excellent results. The other 10 positions progressively reduce the level
of the dither, spreading it further down the audio spectrum. Position 11
is standard White noise' dither and position 12 is dither OFF. See DITHER
SELECTOR OPTIONS table, on the following pages for more details.
Care must be taken when applying heavy (more than +30dB) post EQ HF boost
to noise shaped dithered recordings as excessive HF levels can be
generated, possibly causing damage to speaker tweeters.
Noise shaped dither is effective when a WORD LENGTH is selected of less
than 24 bits. It effectively decreases distortion and noise on low level
signals when compared with unshaped dithering; an apparent digital noise
floor reduction of 12 to 18dB should be perceived.
REPLAY A, B, C, D: The four positions
A, B, C and D (in yellow) are used for playback from a digital multitrack
recorder to the AES/EBU and SPDIF outputs, 16bit or High resolution mode
will be automatically selected.
Which specific tracks are replayed are detailed at the bottom of the table
on the following page.
If high resolution tracks are replayed with any of the tracks missing
audible distortion will be heard.
CONTENTS
RECORDING
The multitrack tape must be pre-formatted at the required sample rate with
Emphasis Off before recording from the D62.
When recording to a multitrack machine, the SAMPLE RATE should be set to
EXT CLK and the rear panel INPUT SELECT set to TDIF/ADAT as the multitrack
tape machine must supply the master clock.
Note: On the DA88 the Fs' LED will flash, it does not affect the
recording.
High resolution recording: When a
wordlength of 18,20,24 bits is selected, the multitrack channels should be
recorded as a group of tracks 1+2+3 or 5+6+7. Use the record enable /
select buttons on the multitrack tape machine to determine which group
will be recorded.
Tracks 1 and 3 (5 and 7) will contain conventional 16-bit recordings
without dither which may be monitored on the multitrack machine, while
track 2 (6) stores the seven least significant bits from each channel as a
composite signal. Played on its own, this track will sound similar to
white noise.
It is important to remember that for any high resolution recording to be
successful, the (tape) operator must enable recording on ALL of the tracks
of the chosen output group (1+2+3 or 5+6+7).
CONTENTS
DITHER SELECTOR
OPTIONS
Position, Dither and Noise Shaping
- Positions the noise shaped dither to the
very top of the audio spectrum at a level of +30dB above the quantise
noise floor. Because the ears are very insensitive at this frequency,
the noise is inaudible, resulting in a subjectively clean signal with
a wide dynamic range. Adding extreme HF EQ boost at a later stage is
not recommended.
- The same frequency as 1 (above) with
only +20dB of boost. The reduction in level slightly increases
distortion, but the tolerance to HF EQ on replay is increased.
- Shaped dither above 17KHz @ +30dB.
- Shaped dither above 17KHz @ +20dB.
- Dual slope filtered dither above 16KHz @
+10dB. A particularly effective setting combining subjective
neutrality with a worthwhile increase in dynamic range and high
tolerance to post HF EQ.
- Shaped dither above 14KHz @ +20dB.
- Shaped dither above 14KHz @ +15dB.
- Shaped dither above 12KHz @ +15dB.
- Smooth, dual-slope filtered dither above
10KHz @ +10dB. A relatively gentle noise shaping with a worthwhile
increase in dynamic range and a neutral sound.
- Shaped dither above 10KHz @ +10dB.
- White noise dither. No noise shaping.
- Dither / Noise shaping OFF. Caution as a
truncated word length will give distortion.
- A, Tape Playback Tracks 1,2 and 3
in high resolution modes; tracks 1,2 in 16-bit mode.
- B, Tape Playback Tracks 1,2 and 3
in high resolution modes; tracks 3,4 in 16-bit mode.
- C, Tape Playback Tracks 5,6 and 7
in high resolution modes; tracks 5,6 in 16-bit mode.
- D, Tape Playback Tracks 5,6 and 7
in high resolution modes; tracks 7,8 in 16-bit mode.
CONTENTS
STEREO LINK
Averages the left and right channel signals to provide the same
degree of gain reduction to both limiters and balance any low / high
dynamic enhance. This prevents any image shifting which could occur
whenever the left and right signal dynamics varied from each other by any
significant degree. Stereo link is enabled when the LED is lit.
If in stereo linked mode, then each processing module such as EQ, Tube
Drive, etc. should ideally be set to the same settings, and simultaneously
enabled, as the control-circuitry for both channels responds to the higher
of the two channel settings, which could cause an image shift.
CONTENTS
CONFIGURATION
Configuration Jumpers: A simple adjustment of two internal PCB
jumpers (one for each channel) enables the front panel Channel Output
Level setting to be passed onto the Channel Pan control in the Stereo Mix
section and therefore onwards to the Digital Section. The normal and
recommended factory setting for both jumpers is for Stereo Mix Channel Pan
to be pre Channel Output Level control.
It is less desirable option for the Mix section and the Digital Source Chs
(channels) feed to be made post-level control for several reasons:
- Digital output noise will be increased
by 4dB.
- There is a greater chance of a digital
overload, undoing the control and safety feature of the limiter.
- Any digital output level will be
un-calibrated, unless the channel output level control is set to the
+20dB position.
To perform this change
- Disconnect the mains power cable from
the unit.
- With a number 1 pozidrive screwdriver,
remove the 8 screws that retain the top cover. (ie: two on each side;
two at the rear and two counter-sunk screws along the top at the front
edge).
- Locate the jumper blocks referenced as
J12.
For channel 1 (or left) this is the upper PCB. The jumper is centrally
positioned along the rear edge of the PCB.
For channel 2 (or right) this is the lower PCB. Its jumper is central
to the unit, near the small IDC connector for the digital unit.
- Lift off the shorting jumper block and
replace on the centre pin and previously free pin.
- Replace the top cover ensuring the
correct screws are used for their intended positions.
CONTENTS
1962 TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS
(All measurements taken at 0dBu operating level)
INPUT IMPEDANCES
LINE 20K Ohm
MIC 150 Ohm to 600 Ohm
AUX 47K Ohm
MIC INPUT NOISE -128.5dB (@ +60dB gain)
MAXIMUM INPUT LEVEL +28dBu
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 50 Ohm
MAXIMUM OUTPUT LEVEL +22dBu (balanced)
ANALOG BANDWIDTH 15Hz to 22KHz -1dB
ANALOGUE DISTORTION (THD + NOISE) ref. 1KHz
Percentage
Mic and Line input at unity
gain
0.01%
Line Input at
0dBu
0.025%
Mic Input at
0dBu
< 0.01%
D62 specification with LINE input @ 0dBu, (all effects disabled):
CROSSTALK
-105dB (@ +0dB gain)
THD+n @ 1Khz -2dB (soft
clip)
-70dB (@ +0dB gain)
THD+n @ 1Khz
-20dB
-93dB (@ +0dB gain)
THD+n @ 1Khz
-60dB
-120dB (@ +0dB gain)
NOISE
FLOOR
-123dB (@ +0dB gain)
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100-120Volt or 195-250Volt at 50-60Hz, 38 Watts
FUSE RATING 250mA for 230Volt, 500mA for 115Volt
CONFORMING TO BS EN 60127-2:1991 SHEET III
FUSE TYPE 20mm x 5mm, Class 3 Slo-Blo, 250Volt working
CASE SIZE 482mm (w) x 88mm (h) x 250mm (d)
WEIGHT (incl packaging) 6.5 Kgs (excluding D62-T/-A) |